Then, at a future time dictated by the controller, the stale pages are left behind by a garbage collection operation and block erased.ĭeletions, however, are different. The controller makes the changes and writes out the appropriate number of new pages, updating the FTL so that the LBAs continue to point at the correct physical locations, and marking the old pages as "stale" pages. When the operating system changes a file, it tells the controller to change one or more logical blocks. The operating system tells the SSD that it is modifying a certain logical block, and the SSD controller maintains a mapping (called the FTL, or Flash Translation Layer) between logical blocks and physical blocks.
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When a file is modified by the operating system, the SSD knows to copy the relevant pages plus the changes being made into new fresh pages, and to mark the old pages as stale this is possible because the operating system's changes are communicated to the disk drive using logical block addressing, or LBA. The SSD's controller has no notion of files the only things it understands are pages and blocks. Though it's commonly written in all capitals, TRIM isn't an acronym rather, it's the name of the ATA command that the operating system can send to the SSD controller to indicate that a certain page or set of pages contains stale data.
One of the most important operating system features to arrive along with flash drives is support for TRIM.
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